Cocoa supply may thus be considered highly concentrated in a. Cocoa bean harvesting entails cutting the pods from the trees, slicing them open, scooping out the beans, covering them in baskets or on mats to ferment, and then drying the beans in the sun. Assessing the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana pdf. It is grown at an altitude of less than 12 feet above sea level and. Itescm model denotes supply chain managements for the universities which represents one of the service industries. The empirical basis of our analysis is an original primary dataset produced through the global business of forced labour project, which includes data gathered in ghana in 20162017, comprising 60 indepth interviews and a survey of 497 cocoa workers across 74 cocoa. The resilience assessment shows that the activities of the cocoa value chain were found to. As part of its affiliation with the fair labor association, nestle is required to progressively establish transparency of its entire cocoa supply chain in cote divoire both organized and unorganized and to ensure fair labor conditions in the entire supply chain, subject to independent verification by the fla.
In general, a typical food supply chain is consists of farmers, middlemen, manufactures, retailers and consumers, which can be represent by cocoa chocolate supply chain. Pdf assessing the challenges facing cocoa production in. This paper examined the cocoa supply chain in ghana using transroyal gh ltd as well as producing a. It has been over 10 years since the first mention in a medical journal about cocoa and chocolate as potential sources of antioxidants for health. The search for value and meaning in the cocoa supply chain. The end result of the study will allow for a direct comparison of the composition of the costs and proceeds in the cocoa value chain in major cocoa producing countries and regions. My goal for this topic is to find out more about how supply chain activities are realized on a comp and in thany levele case of this paper cocobod. Then, we turn our focus on the traceability for cocoa supply chain. A part of a supply chain system or process, or relationship between a company and its final user or customer. A basic supply chain consists of the focal firm, its direct suppliers and its direct customers. Norandino the rabobank foundation is helping small farmers in western peru learn how to produce more and better cocoa, and is assisting small cocoa producers in banding together in cooperatives. Overview of cocoa supply chain and associated risks oncentrating on eans, but top 10 grinding nations, 201112 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 source.
Cocoa beans, the seeds of the theobroma cacao tree a native of amazon region of south america, are widely consumed all over the world. The cacao supply chain is up against several social and environmental challenges. Introduction cocoa supply chain is complex, relying on many discrete actors. Chocolate makers fight a melting supply of cocoa wsj. International journal of business and social science. Evaluating the effect of logistical drivers on cocoa supply chain in. Supply chain management practice on the service industry has been depicted in this paper. One such cooperative, norandino, guarantees the farmers a market and offers. The rabobank foundation is helping small farmers in western peru learn how to produce more and better cocoa, and is assisting small cocoa producers in banding together in cooperatives. The cocoa pods that are harvested with child labour are grown in western africa in countries like cote divoire and ghana and harvested by young children that unfortunately dont get paid a fair amount of money each day and are at the same time deprived of an education.
Ghanas cocoa supply chain is a complex one, it involves a lot of actors with different. This is the beginning of the cocoa beans supply chain. Information efficiency and the cocoa supply chain in ghana. In theory, growing cocoa should make a contribution to help move smallscale producers out of poverty. The empirical basis of our analysis is an original primary dataset produced through the global business of forced labour project, which includes data gathered in ghana in 20162017, comprising 60 indepth interviews and a survey of 497 cocoa workers. In addition, newspaper articles and publications of. Apr 16, 2018 continued expansion of cocoa life, to capture more of mondelezs cocoa supply chain, remains a priority. Just like many other manufacturing industries, creating chocolate products involves a chain of production that has many links. In addition, i will be learning more about cocoa as a commodity. This makes them difficult for external stakeholders to influence and means they cannot be addressed by certification or company schemes applying at the farm or supply chain level alone. Supply chain integration, challenges, implementation, cocoa industry, farmers, ghana 1. In the same period, about 60 per cent of global production was handled by the two leading producing countries, cote divoire and ghana. An interesting case study comes from the soybean supply chain showing that only. The global cocoa supply chain most cocoa is grown on small farms of less than 6 hectares.
During this time, cocoa has been found to improve antioxidant status, reduce inflammation and correlate with reduced heart disease risk. Icco thousand tonnes 4 overview of cocoa supply chain and associated risks. Current research journal of social sciences, 36, 465 470. The supply chain for cocoa beans is a series of activities that are necessary to convert raw materials into the final porduct chocolate that is meant for consumers. Towards traceability in cocoa chocolate supply chain. If the cocoa trees are damaged the supply will be altered negatively, and a damaged supply will increase the price until proper rainfall occurs. The consumption of the cocoa based products is increasing day by day. Downstream looks at the demand side of the supply chain toward the final assembly unit, retailer and consumer. Chocolate was used as patients diet in the 19th century in the united states and it was not until after the 1930s, the consumption of chocolate is shifted from medicinal to confectionery 6.
Traceability in the cocoa supply chain poms conference. The case of the cocoa value chain in ghana article pdf available september 2014 with 5,111 reads how we measure reads. Supply chain risk, risk management, cocoa production, ashanti region, ghana. National trade and agricultural development policies also need to be designed to provide better support to cocoa farmers. She also plans to continue spending a large portion of her time in the field. Assessing the challenges and implementation of supply chain. Qualitative interviews with participants in the cocoa theobroma cacao supply chain in costa rica and the united states were conducted and supplemented with an analysis of the marketing literature to examine the prospects of organic and fairtrade certification for enhancing environmentally and socially responsible trade of cocoa from costa rica.
To estimate the impact of the current information efficiency level on. More than 109,000 children in cote divoires cocoa industry work in what the us department of state calls one of the worst forms of child labour. Introduction many individuals have tried in diverse ways to emphasize the importance of cocoa to the socioeconomic development of ghana. This paper investigates the gendered patterns and dynamics of labour exploitation and forced labour in the cocoa supply chain. Pdf cote divoire produces about 42 percent of the worlds total cocoa but processes only a. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Ghanas cocoa has been described cocoa as the backbone of ghanas economy osei, 2007.
They discussed ways and interventions on how to improve the resilience of the cocoa value chain against specific shocks and risks, such as droughts and world cocoa price fluctuations. Furthermore, haynak and montiel 2009 reinforced the framework by stating that sustainable supply chain management and sustainable performance are correlated through different practices such as core quality management practices, environmental management practices and customer relation management. Launched in 2012, this commitment aligns efforts in origin countries to make a real difference to farmers, their families and their communities, while aiming to provide a sustainable supply of cocoa and chocolate products well into the future. World banks simulation of cocoa supply chain in cote divoire. An assessment of supply chain risks in the cocoa industry in the. The cocoa supply chain starts with suppliers of farm inputs, then farmers who produce the cocoa. Individual resources that contribute to the production of goods and services.
Eliminating deforestation from the cocoa supply chain 1. Introduction supplychain integration has become a prominent issue during the last decade. The search for value and meaning in the cocoa supply chain in. Evaluating the effect of logistical drivers on cocoa. In recent years, there has been a great deal of empirical evidence to show that successful supplychain integration can improve a firm. Cocoa value chain implication for the smallholder farmer. Assessing the challenges and implementation of supply. These findings suggest new marketing techniques that convey an integration of meaning into the cocoa and chocolate supply chain as a differentiation strategy. The development of cocoa butter equivalents cbe from other sources than cocoa e. This paper is the initial stage in identifying cocoa supply chain and proposes a conceptual framework of its traceability system. Several characteristics of chocolate strongly depend on the process done at the very beginning of the supply chain saltini et al.
Supply chain child labour supply network supply manager cocoa farm these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. In the case of the ghana cocoa supply chain, 24 employed supply chain perspec tives to identify the challenges in the cocoa supply chain. Qualitative interviews with participants in the cocoa theobroma cacao supply chain in costa rica and the united states were conducted and supplemented with an analysis of the. Evaluating the effect of logistical drivers on cocoa supply. In the context of private sector commitments to zerodeforestation, this study characterizes the perceptions of different types of stakeholders along the cocoa and chocolate supply chain in order to determine the main challenges and. Information about the openaccess article the search for value and meaning in the cocoa supply chain in costa rica in doaj. Assessing the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana. Cocoa supply may thus be considered highly concentrated in a limited number of countries. Over 90 percent of the worlds cacao is produced by 5. How mondelez overhauled its cocoa supply chain supply. Cocoa value chain, supply chain management, smallholder farmers, ghana 1. To examine the level of information efficiency in cocoa supply chain in ghana from farmers viewpoint. To this end, following decades of declining output and stagnation, gog has made sizable investments in restructuring the industry, improving productivity, and reducing marketing inefficiencies.
In the context of private sector commitments to zerodeforestation, this study characterizes the perceptions of different types of stakeholders along the cocoa and chocolate supply chain in order to determine the main challenges and solutions to encourage sustainable production. One of the main goals of an educational supply chain is to improve the wellbeing of the end customer or the society. Cocoa bean production is labourintensive and overwhelmingly a family enterprise. This paper is the initial stage in identifying cocoa chocolate supply chain and proposes a conceptual framework on its traceability system. Continued expansion of cocoa life, to capture more of mondelezs cocoa supply chain, remains a priority. In fact, the high polyphenol content of cocoa, coupled with its widespread presence in many food items, render this food of particular interest from the nutritional and health viewpoints. Overview of the cocoa supply chain and associated risks. Among development priorities, the government of ghana gog is committed to securing the future profitability and sustainability of the cocoa supply chain. Cocoa value chain promotion 3 4 swisscontacts sustainable cocoa value chain promotion 6 cocoa a pivotal cash crop for millions of smallholder farmers 8 opportunities borne from a growing global appetite for chocolate 10 a worldwide market for a delicate crop 12 cocoa a swisscontact focus since 2004 14 the cocoa value chain faces a.
Integrating small farmers into the global value chain first, at a macro level, policies should seek to reinforce competition laws at national, regional and international levels. Eliminating deforestation from the cocoa supply chain. International journal of humanities and social science. Contents cocoa value chain promotion 3 4 swisscontacts sustainable cocoa value chain promotion 6 cocoa a pivotal cash crop for millions of smallholder farmers 8 opportunities borne from a growing global appetite for chocolate 10 a worldwide market for a delicate crop 12 cocoa a swisscontact focus since 2004. Cocoa value chain implication for the smallholder farmer in. A final report for the ghana cocoa farmers newspaper project. International journal produced from the cacao plant, distribution production. But pieters also wants to start asking questions about the future including whether the smallholder model of farming can still be sustainable.
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